12/30/2023 0 Comments Chrome strong password generator![]() ![]() With 61 possible characters a fully random password would have log 2(61 15) = 88.96 bits of entropy. The shuffling happens up to 5 times if two dashes or underscores are adjacent in order to improve readability, so this will very slightly reduce the entropy, but the reduction is so slight as to be unnoticeable (and removing dash or underscore from the allowed symbols would be worse). Then the rest of the password is filled with random characters evenly chosen from all character classes (respecting a maximum count for each class, currently unused).įinally, since characters were added to the beginning of the password from predictable classes in order to satisfy requirements, the string is randomly shuffled. By default and as currently used this is one lowercase character, one uppercase character, and one digit. The generation works by adding a random character from each class until the minimum count for said class is met. The character set is upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and the symbols -_.:! with the following removed for readability: Things are looking much better in Chrome 69. ![]() Chrome 69 (scheduled for release in September) In practice this is still probably ok for the average user, as it means they won't be using their favorite low entropy password in 20 different places, but breaking it is definitely possible for a determined and funded attacker with a fast hash (ie not a good password hash) of the password. In short, this isn't a very good method of generating passwords, and the entropy is significantly less than one would expect for the length. There may be more issues, but I'm getting a bit tired of looking at it. Unfortunately, as you have noticed, single letter syllables are uncommon 3, so ForceFixPassword usually ends up swapping out the last lowercase letter for a digit. Numbers and symbols are supported by turning each single letter syllable alternately into a digit or symbol with 50% chance (though the symbol feature isn't used). The number of syllables isn't constant, so it's hard to determine how much entropy this actually adds, but given the scarcity of single letter syllables it almost certainly adds less than 8 bits on average. This means that rather than adding about 1 bit of entropy per letter, capitalization only adds 1 bit per syllable. The original standard doesn't appear to support uppercase letters or numbers, and the implementation 2 only capitalizes the first letter of a syllable with a 50% chance (interestingly y is replaced with w in the array of characters checked, so y will never be capitalized). Even if increasing the length from 8 to 15 doubles the entropy, that's still probably under 60 bits of entropy on average 1, though this is improved slightly due to capitalization. A 1994 paper (page 192) estimated that to break into 1 out of 100 accounts with 8 character passwords, an attacker would only have to try 1.6 million passwords. The non-uniformity has severe implications. Unfortunately the entropy of a FIPS 181 password is pretty hard to calculate, as it generates variable length syllables rather than characters, and there are a bunch of rules dictating whether or not a syllable is allowed. If the result doesn't contain both an uppercase letter and a number, it changes the first lowercase letter to uppercase, and changes the last lowercase character to a random digit. Up through version 68 Chrome follows FIPS 181 to generate a 15 character pronounceable password allowing uppercase letters, lowercase letters, and numbers. Chrome 68 (current version as of August 1st, 2018) Conor's answer is a good starting point, but if you dig into Chromium's source the situation starts to look a little bleaker (but still better than not using a password manager at all). ![]()
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